VAZRO, VARAN, and VAN Words can be generated according to: C = t s p k b v c g d z j m l R = r l n m v V = i e a o u Acceptable Forms: C V C V R C R V (Double l is coalesced into a single l.) Verb Endings: -vme -po Special Cases: sto sta In Vazro, there is no set sentence order, sentences can be any combination of: S - Subject, e.g. Je V - Verb, e.g. Bivupo O - Object, e.g. Slevabni Plurals are indicated by the prepending of 'sto' to the beginning of a noun. 'sto' does not follow the word formation of Vazro, so it cannot be confused in the language with another word. For example: ketraso - night stoketraso - nights To make an adverb, append 'to' to the end of the adjective To 'noun a verb', prepend 'sta' to the verb infinitive. For plural, remove the verb ending and add 'sta' For example: Darpovme - To defend Stadarpovme - The defender Stadarposta - The defenders NOTE: Whilst this rule is universal, there are some nouns that are 'nouned verbs' that don't follow this pattern. You can use either, depending on what best fits. To form the present perfect continuous (I have lived), form in this way: [Pluperfect form of Cme] + Lve + [Verb Infinitive] To negate a verb, add 'ne' somewhere in the sentence. If you want to be more conformist, add it before the verb. 'ne' again does not follow word formation rules, so it cannot be confused. For example: Je tragila - I will do Je ne tragila - I will not do Je tragila ne - I will do not To make the present continuous, remove ending and add -sti To make the past participle, remove ending and add -sta ADVERBS [Adjective]-to PLURALS sto-[Noun] VERB-NOUN SINGULAR sta-[Infinitive] PLURAL sta-[Stem]-sta PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS [Pluperfect Cma] lve [Infinitive] VERB TABLES: Cma To be Present Preterite Imperfect Near future Definite f. Indefinite f. Pluperfect je cme cmes cali cmama corje comje costubra te co cos coti cmomo carje camje cistubra pve cue cus cuti cmoti carsaje camtaje camtubi zi cruke crus dali crati grabi dubraje dugrave bva cvuke cvus bvali brati drabi gubraje snugrave -po verbs Present Preterite Imperfect Near future Definite f. Indefinite f. Pluperfect je -e -de -le -lede -ke -vede -tegre te -i -di -li -lide -dvi -vlide -tigre pve -ja -ji -gi -kride -dva -vlada -tagre zi -sve -vi -gri -bide -gra -grada -sluge bva -kre -ki -mi -svide -gla -krada -smuge -vme verbs Present Preterite Imperfect Near future Definite f. Indefinite f. Pluperfect je -me -mi -ma -mala -gila -vedu -sedu te -se -si -sa -masa -gisa -vesu -sesu pve -ke -ki -ka -maka -gika -veku -seku zi -re -ri -ra -mara -gira -veru -seru bva -gre -gri -gra -magra -giga -vegu -segu THE VAZRO > VARAN CHANGE PRELIMINARIES: Stress is always on the second to last syllable. SOUND CHANGES: 1. Complete loss of word final vowels in multisyllable words (breaks stress system). 2. Consonants before R class consonants (r,l,n,m,v) are lost. 3. Loss of word final consonants if preceded by a consonant. Mekenzo > Mekenz > Meken Toli > Tol Togma > Togm > Tom Berkretusurto > Berkretusurt > Beretusurt > Beretusur Vmagevucel > Magevucel Cedvi > Cedv > Cev Crade > Crad > Rad Gmume > Gmum > Mum Tavolvme > Tavolvm > Tavom Morkruvme > Morkruvm > Morum Segervme > Segervm > Segem Gundnuvme > Gundnuvm > Gunum GRAMMATICAL CHANGES: The pluperfect is lost due to little use. The definite future is lost due to little use. The near future assumes the role of the future. The past imperfect is lost with 'rakim' becoming an imperfective marker post verb. The verb 'to have' is lost and its meaning is assumed onto the verb 'to put'. The word 'nil' becomes the genitive suffix '-il', 'i' falls out of use. Loss of the construction for the present perfect continuous. Conjugation is done by removing the -m or -p stem and adding the appropriate suffix. Conjugation suffixes were merged into just those derived of -vme stem verbs. VAZRO: Zita i delsre The man's wheat (wheat of man) LATE VAZRO: Delsre knitlo zita The man's wheat (man thing wheat) EARLY VARAN: Der nil zit The man's wheat (man thing wheat) VARAN: Deril zit The man's wheat (man-possessive wheat) VAZRO: Zo e setate pepev I have a good life (I have life good) VARAN: Je micom setat pepev I have a good life (I put life good) NEW ENDING TABLE: Cma To be Present Past Perfect Near future Indefinite f. je me mes mam com te co cos mom cam pve cu cus mot camtaj zi ruk rus rat duraj bva vuk vus rat guraj -m/-p verbs Present Past Perfect Near future Indefinite f. je -m -n -mal -ved te -s -z -mas -ves pve -k -g -mak -vek zi -r -l -mar -ver bva -r -l -mar -veg THE VARAN > VAN CHANGE SOUND CHANGES: 1. c -> sh in all instances. 2. zh sound -> z in all instances. 3. Unvoiced obstruents are voiced in unstressed syllables. 4. Word final r,v is lost. 5. m -> n before consonants. 6. r is lost before consonants. 7. e -> o in unstressed syllables. FULL DICTIONARY - INCLUDING VARAN AND VAN: VAZRO VARAN ENGLISH VAN cma ma to be ma cme me I am me co co you are sho cue cu it is shu cruke ruk we are ruk cvuke vuk they are vuk cmes mes I was mes cos cos you were shos cus cus it was shus crus rus we were rus cvus vus they were vus cali [cal] I used to be [shal] coti [cot] you used to be [shot] cuti [cut] it used to be [shut] dali [dal] we used to be [dal] bvali [val] they used to be [val] cmama mam I will soon be mam cmomo mom you will soon be mom cmoti mot it will soon be mot crati rat we will soon be rat brati rat they will soon be rat corje [cor] I will be [sho] carje [car] you will be [sha] carsaje [carsaj] it will be [zhasaj] grabi [rab] we will be [rab] drabi [rab] they will be [rab] comje com I might be shom camje cam you might be sham camtaje camtaj it might be zhantaj dubraje duraj we might be duraj gubraje guraj they might be guraj costubra [costur] I had been [zhoztu] cistur [cistur] you had been [zhiztu] camtubi [camtub] it had been [zhantub] dugrave [durav] we had been [durav] snugrave [nurav] they had been [nurav] travme ram to do ram besropo berop to go borop zo [zo] to have [zo] pecovme pecom to use boshom smituvme mitum to say mitum tmicovme micom to put mishom knaduvme nadum to like nadum tavolvme tavom to make davom grusepo rusep to need rusep zekrivme zerim to ask zorim movme mom to get mom kupo kup to be able kup durzovme duzom to want duzom brodivme rodim to become rodim morkruvme morum to come morum segervme segem to see zogem setavme setam to tell zotam gundnuvme gunum to happen gunum mribavme ribam to show ribam pogorgapo pogorgap to dress bogogap morcovevme morcovem to kill mozhovem bomvme bom to live bom kragovme ragom to attack ragom darpovme darpom to defend dapom morpo mor to die mo gardovme gardom to eat gadom cmavme mam to give mam korevme korem to poison gorem bivupo bivup to know bivup jatonvme jatom to display jatom puzepo puzep to think buzep mlesupo lesup to try losup vakrapo varap to work varap limkovme limkom to write linkom lernavme lenam to push lonam janlavme jalam to pay jalam bradavme radam to respect radam livpavme livpam to shine livpam vromnevme ronem to record ronem gaclomuvme galomum to reform galomum pludivme ludim to exist ludim trebavme rebam to feel robam gavme gam to stop gam snuvme num to start num dmubivme mubim to withstand mubim bnadovme nadom to return nadom brakivme rakim to continue rakim magrevme marem to move marem cogruvme corum to change zhorum damuvme damum to preserve damum cmamovme mamom to exchange mamom gunpovme gunpom to create defenses gunpom zroguvme rogum to remember rogum prakavme rakam to join rakam jeprovme jerom to play jorom dajavme dajam to finish dajam grojnuvme ronum to choose ronum kodnovme konom to remove gonom sabravme sabam to alter zabam bvoprovme vorom to leave vorom graprakavme rarakam to join in rarakam gradarpovme radarpom to contain radapom sal sal all sal jolpogir jolpogir everyone jolbogi pve ve he/she/it ve pvi vi his/her/its vi je je I/me je mi mi my mi zi zi we zi zu zu our zu bva va they va bvo vo their vo krevi rev what re gremi rem when rem drevi rev where re tremi rem who rem te te you te ti ti your ti trevi rev why re kardve kav about ka za za for za kro ro from ro i i of i a a to a gra ra with ra ne ne no ne da da yes da pote pot now pot jo jo then jo dar dar how da jolta jol every jol corgome corgom much zhogom kal kal some kal u u and u j j or j tnata nat able, fit, capable nat gocmodu gomod afraid, scared gomod guja guj bad guj goziv goziv best gozi vatno van better, improved van vromal romal big, large romal kerjo ker bitter, sharp ke danbo dan black dan mravabne ravan brave ravan toli tol certain tol togma tom clear, certain tom butil butil different budil mekenzo meken early moken bnipe nip easy, simple nip vatva vav effective va lmakivkuvel makivkuvel federal magivkuvol sloba lob free (monetary) lob slavabna lavan free (societal) lavan tnula nul full nul pepev pepev good bope popim popim great bopim segi seg hard seg crade rad here rad gisu gis heroic gis zise zis high, tall zis tonkorli tonkol human donkol sekuv sekuv important segu berkretusurto beretusur international borodusu bmigil migil late migil semcel semcel little, small senzhol kramo ram local, regional ram glipo lip long lip katan katan low, short kadan vramal ramal lumpy ramal vitno vin major vin znotro nor military no surto sur national su soto sot new sot brutmo rum old rum jizem jizem only jizem povte pov other po vmagevucel magevucel political magevuzhol cedvi cev possible she gmume mum public, governmental mum magi mag real mag vilo vil recent vil sroca roc right, correct rosh surbije surbij serbian zubij pogir pogir single pogi degal degal small degal pete pet social pet beposna bepon special bopon jor jor strong jo tagma tam sure, certain tam tala tal true tal bapna ban white ban pimtu pim entire, whole pim sata sat young sat cirtli cil adjective shil krapel rapel fruit rabol krajima rajim land rajim cakle cal book shal dulsra dur comrade, friend du slotebupe lotebup business lodobup blagvi lav blight la pletu let instance let covote covot kid zhovot kabravaca karavac chorus garavash gradi rad city rad pancil pancil company panzhil kosrovadi korovad conversation gorovad vritla ril country ril peti pet day pet cmoban moban directory moban tatal tatal view tadal tamto tam fact tam gece gec family gesh slevabna levan freedom lovan boga bog god bog pepe pep government pep krokiv rokiv group rogi tvosen vosen help vozen gisuda gisud hero gisud bolsursi bolsur home, house bolsu tevavge tevav job deva setate setat life zota tur tur lot tu delsre der man de tavpekirte tavpekir money davboki tipe tip month tip tabi tab mother tab ketraso keras night geras kotav kotav noun koda sobi sob position sob plesne len section len krasa ras place ras koredakre koredar poison goroda bego beg argument beg tnutenji nuten problem nuten soltoberve soltobev program zoldobe suvetigvi suvetiv question zuveti vvomne von record von krepubliko repulik republic robulik sroke rok right rok topri tor room to sezupardil sezupardil school zhozupadil surbija surbij serbia zubij srija rij state rij campi cam story, song sham vorke vor student vo pesir pesir study pezi bantil bantil system bandil tniso nis grid nis knitlo [nil] thing [nil] sitil sitil time sidil trite rit town rit tibi tib verb tib japalti japal volunteer japal slebe leb war leb bitrotev birotev water birodo korbal korbal path kobal peko pek week pek zita zit wheat, grain zit kese kes woman kes tasraji taraj word daraj tesletro teler work dole kultre kur world ku tetrese teres year dores kregla rel king rel zoca zoc judge zosh kol kol coal kol bmudi mud wind mud tavpeko tavpek tax davpek cmoboza moboz mailbox moboz cmobalo mobal post mobal brola rol respect rol krabel rabel vegetable rabol dulsreta duret partner duret pon pon potato pon can can knowledge shan sopa sop soup sop jinsituto jinsitut institute jinzitut dredelam redelam mountain rodelam jegongogo jegongog eggnog jogongog jegon jegon egg jegon mor mor death mo sivmertuza simertuz tool zimetuz zomvu zov cheese zo zamla zal chalk zal ganmigo gamig minister gamig bra ra last ra sovetuja sovetuj russian zovotuj zemvav zevav way zeva molinblo molil smell molil colon colon sound sholon vojnebem vonebem road vonebem bakil bakil number bagil krovoce rovoc objective rovosh sode sod pain sod sovetuje sovetuj russia zovotuj kubel kubel mouth kubol tovpace tovpac melon dovpash zlakikumla lakikul lettuce lagikul sammum samum heaven samum samtum samtum hell santum jamneburge janebur hamburger janobu taznalro tanar foot tana jegloza jeloz england joloz zencugam zencugam character zonshugam krisol risol brush rizol jegloze jeloz english joloz bnozunlro nozur remarkable nozu mnagra nar divine na stagrusesta staruses disabled person zdaruzez segizemvav segizevav lock zogizeva mnada nad up nad pmada mad down mad jagna jan left jan zagna zan right zan snodrama noram menu noram vigemnu vigen game vigen lopvaka lovak mode lovak kruja ruj name ruj gmada mad normal mad provu rov flat rov pejecmo pejem colour pojem cerver cever server shevo zramal ramal option ramal bmali mal red mal mnali nal green nal knosne non blue non bapna ban white ban danbo dan black dan corbma com yellow shom kalbma kam orange kam dapna dan grey dan bmasne man purple man bmabo mab brown mab cajan cajan cyan shajan lajum lajum lime lajum majenta majenta magenta majenta knosnebapna noneban light blue nonoban dapnabapna danaban light grey danaban bmalibapna maliban pink maliban vazro var language va